Total Revenues Increased 29.8% Year-over-Year for the Fourth Quarter,55.9% Year-over-Year Growth for the Full Year 2023 149 Net New Store Openings During the Fourth Quarter,912 System-Wide Stores at Year-End 2023 18.7 Million Registered Loyalty Members at Year-End,Representing 66.3% Year-over-Year Growth SHANGHAI, China and NEW YORK, April 18, 2024 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- TH International Limited (NASDAQ:THCH), the exclusive operator of Tim Hortons coffee shops and Popeyes restaurants in China ("Tims China" or the "Company") today announced its unaudited financial results for the fourth quarter and full year ended December 31, 2023. FOURTH QUARTER 2023 HIGHLIGHTS Total revenues reached RMB391.2 million (USD55.1 million), representing a 29.8% increase from the same quarter of 2022. Net new store openings totaled 149 (34 company owned and operated stores and 109 franchised stores for Tims, and 6 company owned and operated stores for Popeyes). Adjusted store EBITDA1 was RMB15.9 million (USD2.2 million), representing a 23.9% year-over-year growth. Adjusted store EBITDA margin2 was 4.6%, approximately unchanged from the same quarter in 2022. _________________________________ 1 Adjusted store EBITDA is calculated as fully burdened gross profit3 of company owned and operated stores excluding depreciation & amortization and store pre-opening expenses.2 Adjusted store EBITDA margin is calculated as adjusted store EBITDA as a percentage of revenues from company owned and operated stores.3 Fully burdened gross profit of company owned and operated stores, the most comparable GAAP measure to adjusted store EBITDA, was a loss of RMB36.2 million (USD5.1 million) for the three months ended December 31, 2023, compared to a loss of RMB46.4 million in the same quarter of 2022. FULL YEAR 2023 HIGHLIGHTS Total revenues reached RMB1,575.8 million (USD221.9 million), representing a 55.9% increase from 2022. Net new store openings totaled 295 (72 company owned and operated stores and 213 franchised stores for Tims, and 10 company owned and operated stores for Popeyes), resulting in 912 system-wide stores at year-end. Registered loyalty club members totaled 18.7 million members as of December 31, 2023, representing a 66.3% increase from 2022. COMPANY MANAGEMENT STATEMENT Mr. Yongchen Lu, CEO & Director of Tims China, commented, "In 2023 we made progress in a number of the core elements of our strategy. We delivered greater convenience to our guests by building density in existing cities and entering new cities. We expanded our community and our partnerships, growing our strategic franchising relationships with blue-chip partners like Sinopec's Easy Joy. We continued to drive locally-relevant innovation, which has always been a strategic focus for us. And we delivered growth in a capital-efficient manner, rolling out stores with more rapid payback periods and accelerating our franchising activities. With our systems and infrastructure solidly in place, our focus is now squarely on driving profitability, with a view to achieving corporate EBITDA break-even later this year. We just celebrated the significant milestones of our 5th anniversary in China and the 60th anniversary of the "Tim Hortons" brand. With those celebrations behind us, we redouble our focus on the future, and in particular driving rapid, profitable, and capital-efficient growth." Mr. Lu added, "Our Popeyes business has been demonstrating strong momentum since our record-breaking, grand opening of the first flagship store on August 19, 2023. Within 135 days, we successfully launched 10 Popeyes stores, achieving an average pace of one new store every 14 days – a true testament to the value of the infrastructure we built in Tims - as well as a positive adjusted store EBITDA in 2023, something our team is excited about and proud of." Mr. Dong (Albert) Li, CFO of Tims China, commented, "During the fourth quarter of 2023, we enhanced our operational efficiency across a number of dimensions. We pared back costs that proved to be redundant at the headquarter level, and we pruned our underperforming stores. These actions allowed us to deliver year-over-year reductions in rental and labor costs (as a percentage of revenues from company owned and operated stores) by 6.9 percentage points and 1.3 percentage points, respectively. Our marketing expenses and adjusted general and administrative expenses (as a percentage of total revenues) decreased by 2.1 percentage points and 5.8 percentage points year-over-year, respectively." Mr. Li continued, "Going forward, and with profitability being front and center of everything we do, we will continue to enhance our supply chain capabilities and efficiencies, roll out our differentiating made-to-order fresh food preparation model to drive traffic, and accelerate the expansion of our successful sub-franchising." FOURTH QUARTER 2023 FINANCIAL RESULTS Total revenues reached RMB391.2 million (USD55.1 million) for the three months ended December 31, 2023, representing an increase of 29.8% from RMB301.5 million in the same quarter of 2022. Total revenues comprise: Revenues from Company owned and operated store sales were RMB341.5 million (USD48.1 million) for the three months ended December 31, 2023, representing an increase of 25.3% from RMB272.5 million in the same quarter of 2022. The growth was primarily driven by an increase in the number of company owned and operated stores from 547 as of December 31, 2022 to 629 as of December 31, 2023, and same-store sales growth for company owned and operated stores of 2.5% in the fourth quarter of 2023. Other revenues were RMB49.7 million (USD7.0 million) for the three months ended December 31, 2023, representing an increase of 71.4% from RMB29.0 million in the same quarter of 2022. The growth was primarily attributable to the rapid expansion of our e-commerce business and an increase in franchise fees and revenues from other franchise support activities, which was attributable to an increase in the number of franchised stores from 70 as of December 31, 2022 to 283 as of December 31, 2023. Company owned and operated store costs and expenses were RMB366.5 million (USD51.6 million) for the three months ended December 31, 2023, representing an increase of 18.0% from RMB310.7 million in the same quarter of 2022. Company owned and operated store costs and expenses comprise: Food and packaging costs were RMB120.9 million (USD17.0 million), representing an increase of 35.2% from RMB89.5 million, in line with our revenue growth and store network expansion. Food and packaging costs as a percentage of revenues from company owned and operated stores increased by 2.6 percentage points from 32.8% in the fourth quarter of 2022 to 35.4% in the same quarter of 2023 driven by offering additional discounts and more promotional activities to attract more customers. Rental and property management fee was RMB71.7 million (USD10.1 million), representing a decrease of 5.6% from RMB75.9 million, mainly due to the closure of certain underperforming stores during the fourth quarter 2023. As a result, rental and property management fee as a percentage of revenues from company owned and operated stores decreased by 6.9 percentage points from 27.9% in the fourth quarter of 2022 to 21.0% in the same quarter of 2023. Payroll and employee benefits expenses were RMB79.1 million (USD11.1 million), representing an increase of 18.6% from RMB66.7 million. Payroll and employee benefits as a percentage of revenues from company owned and operated stores decreased by 1.3 percentage points from 24.5% in the fourth quarter of 2022 to 23.2% in the same quarter of 2023, primarily due to the continuous refinement of staffing arrangement and optimization of store managerial efficiencies. Delivery costs were RMB30.8 million (USD4.3 million), representing an increase of 40.5% from RMB21.9 million, due to an increased proportion of home-delivery orders. Delivery costs as a percentage of revenues from company owned and operated stores increased by 1.0 percentage points to 9.0% in the fourth quarters of 2023 compared to 8.0% of the same quarter in 2022. Other operating expenses were RMB28.3 million (USD4.0 million), representing an increase of 22.4% from RMB23.1 million, in line with our revenue growth and store network expansion. Other operating expenses as a percentage of revenues from company owned and operated stores decreased by 0.2 percentage points from 8.5% in the fourth quarter of 2022 to 8.3% in the same quarter of 2023. Store depreciation and amortization expenses were RMB35.7 million (USD5.0 million), representing an increase of 6.5% from RMB33.5 million, driven by an increase in the number of company owned and operated stores from 547 as of December 31, 2022 to 629 as of December 31, 2023. Store depreciation and amortization as a percentage of revenues from company owned and operated stores decreased by 1.8 percentage points from 12.3% in the fourth quarter of 2022 to 10.5% in the same quarter of 2023. Costs for other revenues were RMB50.9 million (USD7.2 million) for the three months ended December 31, 2023, representing an increase of 130.2% from RMB22.1 million in the same quarter of 2022, which was primarily driven by an increase in the number of franchised stores from 70 as of December 31, 2022 to 283 as of December 31, 2023 and the incurrence of higher cost of product sales related to our e-commerce business during the fourth quarter of 2023. Costs for other revenues as a percentage of other revenues increased by 26.2 percentage points from 76.3% in the fourth quarter of 2022 to 102.5% in the same quarter of 2023 due to higher discounts and more promotional activities offered to consumers of our e-commerce business. Marketing expenses were RMB23.5 million (USD3.3 million) for the three months ended December 31, 2023, representing a decrease of 3.2% from RMB24.3 million in the same quarter of 2022, driven by cost optimization measures and higher brand influence. Accordingly, marketing expenses as a percentage of total revenues decreased by 2.1 percentage points from 8.1% in the fourth quarter of 2022 to 6.0% in the same quarter of 2023. General and administrative expenses were RMB68.5 million (USD9.6 million) for the three months ended December 31, 2023, representing an increase of 3.0% from RMB66.5 million in the same quarter of 2022, which was primarily due to the impairment losses of rental deposits. Adjusted general and administrative expenses, which excludes share-based compensation expenses of RMB6.4 million (USD0.9 million), professional fees related to warrant exchange and other financing programs of RMB0.7 million (USD0.1 million), and impairment losses of renal deposits of RMB12.5 million (USD1.8 million), were RMB49.0 million (USD6.9 million). Adjusted general and administrative expenses as a percentage of total revenues decreased by 5.8 percentage points from 18.3% in the fourth quarter of 2022 to 12.5% in the same quarter of 2023. For more information on the Company's non-GAAP financial measures, please see the section "Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" and the table captioned "Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures to the Most Directly Comparable GAAP Measures" set forth at the end of this earnings release. Franchise and royalty expenses were RMB16.1 million (USD2.3 million) for the three months ended December 31, 2023, representing an increase of 56.8% from RMB10.3 million in the same quarter of 2022, which was in line with our top-line growth and was primarily driven by the increase in the number of our system-wide stores from 617 as of December 31, 2022 to 912 as of December 31, 2023. Franchise and royalty expenses as a percentage of total revenues increased by 0.7 percentage points, from 3.4% in the fourth quarter of 2022 to 4.1% in the same quarter of 2023. Impairment losses of long-lived assets were RMB89.6 million (USD12.6 million) for the three months ended December 31, 2023, compared to RMB1.8 million in the same quarter of 2022, which was primarily because we closed and planned to close more underperforming company owned and operated stores during the fourth quarter of 2023. As a result of the foregoing, operating loss was RMB232.2 million (USD32.7 million) for the three months ended December 31, 2023, compared to RMB131.4 million in the same quarter of 2022. Adjusted Corporate EBITDA was a loss of RMB52.5 million (USD7.4 million) for the three months ended December 31, 2023, compared to a loss of RMB54.7 million in the same quarter of 2022. Adjusted Corporate EBITDA margin was negative 13.4% in the fourth quarter of 2023, representing an improvement of 4.7 percentage points from negative 18.1% in the same quarter of 2022. Net loss was RMB311.2 million (USD43.8 million) for the three months ended December 31, 2023, compared to RMB222.9 million for the same quarter of 2022. Adjusted net loss was RMB117.8 million (USD16.6 million) for the three months ended December 31, 2023, compared to RMB100.8 million for the same quarter of 2022. Adjusted net loss margin was negative 30.1% in the fourth quarter of 2023, representing an improvement of 3.3 percentage points from negative 33.4% in the same quarter of 2022. Basic and diluted net loss per ordinary share was RMB1.94 (USD0.27) in the fourth quarter of 2023, compared to RMB1.61 in the same quarter of 2022. Adjusted basic and diluted net loss per ordinary share was RMB0.74 (USD0.10) in the fourth quarter of 2023, compared to RMB0.73 in the same quarter of 2022. Liquidity As of December 31, 2023, the Company's total cash and cash equivalents. time deposit, and short-term investment were RMB220.8 million (USD31.1 million), compared to RMB611.5 million as of December 31, 2022. The change was primarily attributable to the settlements with investors who entered into an Equity Support Agreement dated March 8, 2022, as amended (the "ESA") with us, and cash disbursements as a result of the rapid expansion of our business and store network nationwide, offset by an increase in bank borrowings. KEY OPERATING DATA   For the three months ended or as of   Mar 31,   Jun 30,   Sep 30,   Dec 31,   Mar 31,   Jun 30,   Sep 30,   Dec 31, 2022  2022  2022  2022    2023    2023    2023    2023                                  Total stores 424     440     486     617     648     700     763     912   Company owned and operated stores 403     419     454     547     551     571     589     629   Franchised stores 21     21     32     70     97     129     174     283   Same-store sales growth for system-wide stores 4.4 %   -6.1 %   8.1 %   -8.0 %   7.5 %   19.9 %   0.1 %   2.6 % Same-store sales growth for company owned and operated stores 5.5 %   -5.3 %   7.5 %   -7.1 %   8.0 %   20.4 %   -0.4 %   2.5 % Registered loyalty club members (in thousands) 6,907     7,532     8,862     11,250     12,386     14,721     16,898     18,714   Adjusted store EBITDA (Renminbi in thousands) (25,011 )   (43,787 )   15,325     12,796     6,002     18,244     29,310     15,859   Adjusted store EBITDA margin -11.9 %   -26.6 %   5.3 %   4.7 %   1.9 %   5.0 %   7.5 %   4.6 %                                                 KEY DEFINITIONS Same-store sales growth. The percentage change in the sales of stores that have been operating for 12 months or longer during a certain period compared to the same period from the prior year. The same-store sales growth for any period of more than a month equals to the arithmetic average of the same-store sales growth of each month covered in the period. If a store was closed for seven days or more during any given month, its sales during that month and the same month in the comparison period are excluded for purposes of measuring same-store sales growth. Net new store openings. The gross number of new stores opened during the period minus the number of stores permanently closed during the period. Adjusted store EBITDA. Calculated as fully-burdened gross profit of company owned and operated stores excluding depreciation and amortization, and store pre-opening expenses. Adjusted store EBITDA margin. Calculated as adjusted store EBITDA as a percentage of revenues from company owned and operated stores. Adjusted general and administrative expenses. Calculated as general and administrative expenses excluding share-based compensation expenses, expenses related to the issuance of certain ordinary shares to CF Principal Investments LLC in November 2022 (the "Commitment Shares"), offering costs related to the ESA (the "ESA Offering Costs"), expenses related to 200,000 of our ordinary shares that may be purchased from our controlling shareholder by a holder of our convertible notes at its option pursuant to the terms of an Option Agreement dated September 28, 2022 (the "Option Shares"), and professional fees related to warrant exchange and other financing programs. Adjusted corporate EBITDA. Calculated as operating loss excluding store pre-opening expenses, and certain non-cash expenses consisting of depreciation and amortization, share-based compensation expenses, expenses related to the Commitment Shares, the ESA Offering Costs, expenses related to the Option Shares, professional fees related to warrant exchange and other financing programs, impairment losses of long-lived assets and loss on disposal of property and equipment. Adjusted corporate EBITDA margin. Calculated as adjusted corporate EBITDA as a percentage of total revenues. Adjusted net loss. Calculated as net loss excluding store pre-opening expenses, share-based compensation expenses, expenses related to the Commitment Shares, the ESA Offering Costs, expenses related to the Option Shares, professional fees related to warrant exchange and other financing programs, impairment losses of long-lived assets, loss on disposal of property and equipment, changes in fair value of convertible notes, changes in fair value of warrant liabilities; and changes in fair value of ESA derivative liabilities. Adjusted net loss margin. Calculated as adjusted net loss as a percentage of total revenues. Adjusted basic and diluted net loss per ordinary share. Calculated as adjusted net loss attributable to the Company's ordinary shareholders divided by weighted-average number of basic and diluted ordinary shares. RECENT BUSINESS DEVELOPMENTS On March 31, 2024, Tims China's registered loyalty club membership exceeded 20 million, serving both as a pivotal catalyst for growth and a testament to the customers' support and embrace of Tims China's program. On March 7, 2024 and March 20, 2024, Tims China executed junior promissory notes (as borrower) with Pangaea Three Acquisition Holdings IV, Limited, a Cayman Islands limited liability company and our existing shareholder (as lender), with principal of US$5.0 million and US$15.0 million, respectively. The junior promissory notes bear an interest rate equal to the latest one-month term Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) reference rate as published by the CME Group Benchmark Administration plus 8.0%. On February 26, 2024, Tims China celebrated the significant milestones of its 5th anniversary in China and the 60th anniversary of the "Tim Hortons" brand. To commemorate both remarkable milestones and double celebrations, Tims China launched its limited-edition "Double Anniversary" latte series, including "Double Pistachio Latte," "Double Hazelnut Latte", "Double Matcha Latte," and "Double Latte." Also making a comeback are three classic donut varieties. On January 16, 2024, Tims China announced the opening of the first seven Tims China stores in Shanghai Metro stations. The partnership is expected to expand into a network of Tims coffee shops along "Line 14"stations. The Tims coffee shops are thoughtfully positioned within the metro stations, offering commuters a convenient way to grab a coffee on the go. As Shanghai has one of the world's largest metro systems, transporting approximately 13 million passengers across the city every day, we anticipate that this partnership will provide great visibility to the Tims China brand and connect us with a larger, diverse customer base. On January 9, 2024, Tims China announced the grand opening of its 10th Popeyes restaurant in Shanghai, making another milestone. Looking towards the future, Popeyes is poised for extensive growth across China, as we embark on an expansion plan to open 500 more stores in the next five years and 1,700 stores over the next decade. On December 21, 2023, Tims China announced a partnership with DiDi Chuxing ("DiDi"), one of China's largest ride-hailing platforms. This new partnership focuses on cross-brand and cross-channel marketing, leveraging DiDi's large customer base to bolster awareness of the Tims China brand. Following a campaign between November 27 and December 10, 2023, Tims China acquired around 20,000 new loyalty club members, generated approximately RMB1.7 million in incremental sales, and garnered over 11 million views on Xiaohongshu. The partnership extends the customer base of both brands and furthers Tims China's strategic focus on the important market segment of commuting professionals. USE OF NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES The Company uses non-GAAP financial measures, namely adjusted store EBITDA, adjusted store EBITDA margin, adjusted general and administrative expenses, adjusted corporate EBITDA, adjusted corporate EBITDA margin, adjusted net loss, adjusted net loss margin, and adjusted basic and diluted net loss per ordinary share in evaluating its operating results and for financial and operational decision-making purposes. The Company defines (i) adjusted store EBITDA as fully-burdened gross profit of company owned and operated stores excluding depreciation and amortization, and store pre-opening expenses; (ii) adjusted store EBITDA margin as adjusted store EBITDA as a percentage of revenues from company owned and operated stores; (iii) adjusted general and administrative expenses as general and administrative expenses excluding share-based compensation expenses, expenses related to the Commitment Shares, the ESA Offering Costs, and expenses related to the Option Shares, and professional fees related to warrant exchange and other financing programs; (iv) adjusted corporate EBITDA as operating loss excluding store pre-opening expenses, and certain non-cash expenses consisting of depreciation and amortization, share-based compensation expenses, expenses related to the Commitment Shares, the ESA Offering Costs, expenses related to the Option Shares, professional fees related to warrant exchange and other financing programs, impairment losses of long-lived assets, and loss on disposal of property and equipment; (v) adjusted corporate EBITDA margin as adjusted corporate EBITDA as a percentage of total revenues; (vi) adjusted net loss as net loss excluding store pre-opening expenses, share-based compensation expenses, expenses related to the Commitment Shares, the ESA Offering Costs, expenses related to the Option Shares, professional fees related to warrant exchange and other financing programs, impairment losses of long-lived assets, loss on disposal of property and equipment, changes in fair value of convertible notes, changes in fair value of warrant liabilities; and changes in fair value of ESA derivative liabilities; (vii) adjusted net loss margin as adjusted net loss as a percentage of total revenues; (viii) adjusted basic and diluted net loss per ordinary share as adjusted net loss attributable to the Company's ordinary shareholders divided by weighted-average number of basic and diluted ordinary share. The Company believes adjusted store EBITDA, adjusted store EBITDA margin, adjusted general and administrative expenses, adjusted corporate EBITDA, adjusted corporate EBITDA margin, adjusted net loss, adjusted net loss margin, and adjusted basic and diluted net loss per ordinary share enhance investors' overall understanding of its financial performance and allow for greater visibility with respect to key metrics used by its management in its financial and operational decision-making. These non-GAAP financial measures are not defined under U.S. GAAP and are not presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP. As these non-GAAP financial measures have limitations as analytical tools and may not be calculated in the same manner by all companies, they may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures used by other companies. The Company compensates for these limitations by reconciling the non-GAAP financial measures to the nearest U.S. GAAP performance measures, which should be considered when evaluating the Company's performance. For reconciliation of these non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures, please see the section of the accompanying tables titled, "Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures To The Most Directly Comparable GAAP Measures." The Company encourages investors and others to review its financial information in its entirety and not rely on any single financial measure. EXCHANGE RATE INFORMATION This press release contains translations of certain RMB amounts into U.S. dollars ("USD") at specified rates solely for the convenience of the reader. Unless otherwise stated, all translations from RMB to USD were made at the rate of RMB7.0999 to USD1.00, the exchange rate in effect on December 29, 2023 set forth in the H.10 statistical release of the Federal Reserve Board. The Company makes no representation that the RMB or USD amounts referred could be converted into USD or RMB, as the case may be, at any particular rate or at all. CONFERENCE CALL The Company will hold a conference call today, on Thursday, April 18, 2024, at 8:00 am Eastern Time (on Thursday, April 18, 2024, at 8:00 pm Beijing Time) to discuss the financial results. Participants may receive the dial-in information and a unique PIN or select "Call Me" to join the call by registering through below weblink: https://register.vevent.com/register/BI7b93c23032644d7f93cf3d7cfc1f8b1e Participants may also view the live webcast by registering through below weblink: https://edge.media-server.com/mmc/p/mczqcdrs A live and archived webcast of the conference call will also be available at the Company'sInvestor Relations website at https://ir.timschina.com under "Events and Presentations". FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS Certain statements in this press release may be considered forward-looking statements within the meaning of the "safe harbor" provisions of the United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, such as the Company's ability to further grow its business and store network, optimize its cost structure, improve its operational efficiency, and achieve profitable growth. Forward-looking statements are statements that are not historical facts and generally relate to future events or the Company's future financial or other performance metrics. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as "believe," "may," "will," "potentially," "estimate," "continue," "anticipate," "intend," "could," "would," "project," "target," "plan," "expect," or the negatives of these terms or variations of them or similar terminology. Such forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties, which could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward looking statements. New risks and uncertainties may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible to predict all risks and uncertainties. These forward-looking statements are based upon estimates and assumptions that, while considered reasonable by the Company and its management, as the case may be, are inherently uncertain and subject to material change. Factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from current expectations include various factors beyond management's control, including, but not limited to, general economic conditions and other risks, uncertainties and factors set forth in the sections entitled "Risk Factors" and "Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements" in the Company's Annual Report on Form 20-F, and other filings it makes with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Nothing in this communication should be regarded as a representation by any person that the forward-looking statements set forth herein will be achieved or that any of the contemplated results of such forward-looking statements will be achieved. You should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements in this communication, which speak only as of the date they are made and are qualified in their entirety by reference to the cautionary statements herein. Except as required by law, the Company expressly disclaims any obligations or undertaking to release publicly any updates or revisions to any forward-looking statements contained herein to reflect any change in the Company's expectations with respect thereto or any change in events, conditions, or circumstances on which any statement is based. STATEMENT REGARDING PRELIMINARY UNAUDITED FINANCIAL INFORMATION The unaudited financial information set out in this earnings release is preliminary and subject to potential adjustments. Adjustments to the consolidated financial statements may be identified when audit work has been performed for the Company's year-end audit, which could result in significant differences from this preliminary unaudited financial information. Accordingly, you should not place undue reliance upon these preliminary estimates. The preliminary unaudited financial information included in this press release has been prepared by, and is the responsibility of, the Company's management. The Company's auditor has not audited, reviewed, compiled, or applied agreed-upon procedures with respect to such preliminary financial data. Accordingly, the Company's auditor does not express an opinion or any other form of assurance with respect thereto. Upon completion of the year-end audit, the Company's audited financial results may differ materially from its preliminary estimates. ABOUT TH INTERNATIONAL LIMITED TH International Limited (NASDAQ:THCH) ("Tims China") is the parent company of the exclusive master franchisees of Tim Hortons coffee shops in mainland China, Hong Kong and Macau and Popeyes restaurants in mainland China and Macau. Tims China was founded by Cartesian Capital Group and Tim Hortons Restaurants International, a subsidiary of Restaurant Brands International (TSX:QSR) (NYSE:QSR). The company's philosophy is rooted in world-class execution and data-driven decision making and centered around true local relevance, continuous innovation, genuine community, and absolute convenience. For more information, please visit https://www.timschina.com. INVESTOR AND MEDIA CONTACTS Investor Relations Gemma or Public and Media Relations Patty   TH INTERNATIONAL LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Amounts in thousands of RMB and US$, except for number of shares)                   As of     December 31,  2022   December 31,  2023（Unaudited）     RMB   RMB   US$               ASSETS             Current assets:             Cash and cash equivalents   239,077     203,587     28,675   Time deposits   -     17,165     2,417   Short-term investments   372,376     -     -   Accounts receivable, net   5,617     27,562     3,882   Inventories   71,468     50,719     7,144   Prepaid expenses and other current assets   108,275     159,587     22,477   Total current assets   796,813     458,620     64,595                 Non-current assets:             Property and equipment, net   720,036     691,876     97,449   Intangible assets, net   96,018     147,448     20,768   Operating lease right-of-use assets   946,873     849,079     119,590   Other non-current assets   82,270     68,416     9,636   Total non-current assets   1,845,197     1,756,819     247,443   Total assets   2,642,010     2,215,439     312,038                 LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY             Current liabilities:             Bank borrowings, current   407,807     538,233     75,808   Accounts payable   105,673     224,849     31,669   Contract liabilities   22,122     40,715     5,735   Amount due to related parties   22,485     53,004     7,465   Derivative financial liabilities   269,251     -     -   Operating lease liabilities   180,468     200,878     28,293   Other current liabilities   310,456     338,154     47,629   Total current liabilities   1,318,262     1,395,833     196,599                 Non-current liabilities:             Bank borrowings, non-current   8,800     5,266     742   Convertible notes, at fair value   354,080     420,712     59,256   Contract liabilities   3,311     5,272     742   Amount due to related parties   -     94,200     13,268   Derivative financial liabilities - non-current   19,083     -     -   Operating lease liabilities   820,249     707,689     99,676   Other non-current liabilities   7,921     8,896     1,253   Total non-current liabilities   1,213,444     1,242,035     174,937   Total liabilities   2,531,706     2,637,868     371,536                 Shareholders' equity:             Ordinary shares (US$0.00000939586994067732 par value, 500,000,000 shares authorized, 166,217,906 shares and 158,248,149 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2023, respectively, 149,181,538 shares and 140,938,555 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2022, respectively)   9     10     1   Additional paid-in capital   1,472,015     1,807,715     254,611   Accumulated losses   (1,380,173 )   (2,256,424 )   (317,811 ) Accumulated other comprehensive income   16,999     21,492     3,028   Treasury shares (7,969,757 wand 8,242,983 ordinary shares as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively)   -     -     -   Total (deficit) equity attributable to shareholders of the Company   108,850     (427,207 )   (60,171 ) Non-controlling interests   1,454     4,778     673   Total shareholders' equity(deficit)   110,304     (422,429 )   (59,498 )               Commitments and Contingencies   -     -     -                 Total liabilities and shareholders' equity (deficit)   2,642,010     2,215,439     312,038                                           TH INTERNATIONAL LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME/(LOSS) (Amounts in thousands of RMB and US$, except for per share data)                               For the three months ended December 31,   For the year ended December 31,     2022    2023   2022    2023      RMB   RMB   US$   RMB   RMB   US$ Revenues:                         Company owned and operated stores   272,509     341,526     48,103     938,097     1,405,402     197,947   Other revenues (including other revenues from transactions with a related party of nil, nil and RMB428,148 for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively)   28,972     49,667     6,995     72,967     170,378     23,997   Total revenues   301,481     391,193     55,098     1,011,064     1,575,780     221,944                             Costs and expenses, net:                         Company owned and operated stores                         Food and packaging (including cost of Company owned and operated stores from transactions with a related party of RMB72,109,353, RMB36,862,860 and RMB19,521,561 for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively)   89,480     120,933     17,033     314,550     493,198     69,465   Rental and property management fee   75,939     71,651     10,092     236,838     295,757     41,657   Payroll and employee benefits   66,699     79,126     11,145     268,857     310,719     43,764   Delivery costs   21,917     30,801     4,337     73,616     116,960     16,473   Other operating expenses (including service fee from transactions with a related party of RMB998,515, RMB550,000, and nil for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively)   23,106     28,292     3,985     107,770     121,417     17,101   Store depreciation and amortization   33,544     35,711     5,030     118,659     139,612     19,664   Company owned and operated store costs and expenses   310,685     366,514     51,622     1,120,290     1,477,663     208,124                             Costs of other revenues   22,109     50,886     7,167     48,555     149,692     21,084   Marketing expenses   24,302     23,525     3,313     81,017     102,185     14,392   General and administrative expenses (including general and administrative expenses from transactions with a related party of nil, RMB1,845,960 and nil for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively)   66,460     68,483     9,646     289,544     343,623     48,399   Franchise and royalty expenses (including franchise and royalty expenses from transactions with related parties of RMB52,186,184, RMB31,882,569 and RMB15,576,324 for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively)   10,294     16,139     2,273     35,595     58,949     8,303   Other operating costs and expenses   2,395     8,968     1,263     8,340     28,872     4,067   Loss on disposal of property and equipment   -     2,624     370     8,835     16,404     2,310   Impairment losses of long-lived assets   1,750     89,635     12,625     7,223     111,427     15,694   Other income   5,153     3,420     482     7,152     11,852     1,669   Total costs and expenses, net   432,842     623,354     87,797     1,592,247     2,276,963     320,704                             Operating loss   (131,361 )   (232,161 )   (32,699 )   (581,183 )   (701,183 )   (98,760 )                           Interest income   1,727     3,206     452     2,703     14,250     2,007   Interest expenses   (4,524 )   (6,663 )   (938 )   (14,804 )   (20,426 )   (2,877 ) Foreign currency transaction loss   (5,142 )   (16,157 )   (2,276 )   (6,275 )   (16,771 )   (2,361 ) Changes in fair value of Deferred Contingent consideration   -     (32,437 )   (4,569 )   -     (26,106 )   (3,677 ) Changes in fair value of convertible notes   (2,867 )   (26,909 )   (3,790 )   (4,494 )   (58,281 )   (8,209 ) Changes in fair value of warrant liabilities   35,954     -     -     45,903     (83,966 )   (11,826 ) Changes in fair value of ESA derivative liabilities   (116,666 )   60     8     (186,598 )   19,654     2,768                             Loss before income taxes   (222,879 )   (311,061 )   (43,812 )   (744,748 )   (872,829 )   (122,935 ) Income tax expenses   -     (97 )   (14 )   -